Reactions against Termination were nurtured by the Civil Rights era atmosphere of ethnic pride to become a central focus of the native rights activist movement known as 'Red Power.' This resurgence of American Indian ethnic pride inspired increased Indian ethnic identification, launched a renaissance in American Indian culture, language, art, and spirituality, and eventually contributed to the replacement of Termination with new federal policies affirming tribal Self- Determination. Central among these forces was federal Indian 'Termination' policy which, ironically, was designed to assimilate and de-tribalize Native America. What is driving this increased ethnic identification? In American Indian Ethnic Renewal, Joane Nagel identifies several historical forces which have converged to create an urban Indian population base, a reservation and urban Indian organizational infrastructure, and a broad cultural climate of ethnic pride and militancy. Instead, the growth in the number of American Indians is the result of an increased willingness of Americans to identify themselves as Indians. This quadrupling of the American Indian population cannot be explained by rising birth rates, declining death rates, or immigration. This book answers with a clear 'yes.' American Indian Ethnic Renewal traces the growth of the American Indian population over the past forty years, when the number of Native Americans grew from fewer than one-half million in 1950 to nearly 2 million in 1990. Marshaling individual-level census data, Shoemaker places American Indians in a broad social and cultural context and compares their demographic patterns to those of Euroamericans and African Americans in the United States. Her analysis of the social, cultural, and economic implications of the family and demographic patterns fueling the recovery compares five different Indian groups: the Seneca Nation in New York State, Cherokees in Oklahoma, Red Lake Ojibways in Minnesota, Yakamas in Washington State, and Navajos in the Southwest. Until now, most research has focused on catastrophic population decline, but Nancy Shoemaker studies how and why American Indians have recovered. No longer a 'vanishing' race, Indians have rebounded to 1492 population estimates in nine decades. Author by: Nancy ShoemakerLanguange: enPublisher by: UNM PressFormat Available: PDF, ePub, MobiTotal Read: 31Total Download: 181File Size: 52,9 MbDescription: Although the general public is not widely aware of this trend, the American Indian population has grown phenomenally since 1900, their demographic nadir.
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